The heterogeneity of precipitation in space and time can easily lead to the formation of drought and flood disasters. Under the background of global warming, there are significant regional differences in spatio-temporal distribution patterns of precipitation. It is of great significance for food security, flood control and drought relief to explore the heterogeneity characteristics of regional precipitation. Based on the daily precipitation observation data of Heilongjiang Province in summer from 1951 to 2020, the common calculation methods of precipitation concentration period (PCP) and precipitation concentration degree (PCD) are contrastively screened, firstly. Then, combined with correlation analysis, trend analysis and wavelet analysis, the characteristics of summer precipitation non-uniformity and its influencing factors are explored in Heilongjiang Province. The results show that the Heilongjiang summer PCP is earlier in the southwest and later in the northeast, and the earliest PCP is in the hinterland of the Songnen Plain (July 6 to 20), the latest PCP is in the hinterland of the Sanjiang Plain (August 10 to 25). The summer PCD is larger in the west and smaller in the north-central, northwest and southeast edge, the smallest PCD is in the transition zone between the Lesser Khingan Mountains and the Sanjiang Plain, and the largest PCD is in the hinterland of the Songnen Plain. When the summer PCP is early, the summer PCD tends to be large, which indicates that the summer precipitation in the areas with early heavy precipitation tends to be more in the early stage and less in the late stage. The inter-annual scale oscillation with a period of 2.0-4.0 a of summer PCP and PCD in Heilongjiang Province is obvious, and there is non-significant change trend on the whole. The summer PCP and PCD are significantly affected by the atmospheric circulation and sea temperature in the early period and the same period. On the whole, the summer PCP is significantly positively correlated with the North American polar vortex area index in May, while it is significantly negatively correlated with the western Pacific 850 hPa trade wind index in May and the Scandinavia teleconnection pattern index in August. The summer PCD is significantly positively correlated with the central Pacific 850 hPa trade wind index in summer, while it is significantly negatively with the North African-North Atlantic-North American subtropical high ridge position index in June and the eastern Pacific ENSO index in July, but the significant correlation regions for different climate indexes were different.